Python如何高效提取列表中字典的特定列值？

def extract_column(data, column_name):    return [item[column_name] for item in data]nested_list = [    {'id': 1, 'name': 'alice', 'age': 25},    {'id': 2, 'name': 'bob', 'age': 30},    {'id': 3, 'name': 'charlie', 'age': 35}]ids = extract_column(nested_list, 'id')print(ids)  # 输出：[1, 2, 3]

def extract_column_to_dict(data, key_column_name, value_column_name):    return {item[key_column_name]: item[value_column_name] for item in data}names_by_id = extract_column_to_dict(nested_list, 'id', 'name')print(names_by_id)  # 输出：{1: 'Alice', 2: 'Bob', 3: 'Charlie'}