如何使用 SST 和 Docker 将 Nextjs 应用程序部署到 Hetzner VPS

百变鹏仔 3天前 #JavaScript

文章标签如何使用

我的原创博文：https://www.prudkohliad.com/articles/deploy-next-js-to-vps-using-sst-2024-08-11

sst 是一个框架，可以让您轻松在自己的基础设施上构建现代全栈应用程序。 sst v3 使用 pulumi 和 terraform – sst 文档

在本指南中，我们将使用 sst 和 docker 在 hetzner vps 上部署 next.js 应用程序。本指南是我上一篇文章的后续内容。如果您在这里发现一些没有意义的内容，您很有可能会在那里找到答案 - 如何使用 docker 和 github actions 将 next.js 应用程序部署到 hetzner 上的 vps。

将sst添加到项目中

要将 sst 添加到项目中，请运行以下命令：

pnpx sst@ion init

这将显示一个交互式提示。选择“是”，然后选择“aws”：

sst 初始化输出 – 终端

确保安装了所有必需的软件包：

pnpm install

这将创建 sst.config.ts 文件，我们将在其中添加所有配置。

此外，还会创建一些其他文件/目录。让我们将它们添加到 .dockerignore，我们不希望它们最终成为 docker 镜像：

# sst.sstsst.config.tstsconfig.json

这就是 sst 配置文件当前的样子：

/// <reference path="./.sst/platform/config.d.ts"></reference>export default $config({  app(input) {    return {      name: "next-self-hosted",      removal: input?.stage === "production" ? "retain" : "remove",      home: "aws",    };  },  async run() {},});

我们不打算使用aws，所以让我们将home参数设置为“local”：

/// <reference path="./.sst/platform/config.d.ts"></reference>export default $config({  app(input) {    return {      name: "next-self-hosted",      removal: input?.stage === "production" ? "retain" : "remove",      home: "local",    };  },  async run() {},});

现在可以开始向 run() 函数添加东西了。

在 hetzner 上创建 api 令牌

为了使用 sst 在 hetzner 上创建 vps，我们需要一个 hetzner api 令牌。让我们生成一个新的。

在 hetzner 控制台中打开项目，导航到“安全”选项卡：

项目安全设置 – hetzner cloud ui

生成 api 令牌：

生成 api 令牌 – hetzner cloud ui

新的代币将添加到您的项目中：

api 令牌 – hetzner cloud ui

令牌只会显示一次，请确保不要丢失。

添加 tls 和 hetzner 提供商：

pnpm sst add tlspnpm sst add hcloudpnpm install

生成 ssh 密钥

为了在创建 hetzner vps 后执行进一步的命令，我们需要确保在创建过程中添加了 ssh 密钥。为此，我们将在本地创建一个 ssh 令牌，然后将其公共部分添加到 hetzner。在run函数中添加以下代码：

// in the run() function:// generate an ssh keyconst sshkeylocal = new tls.privatekey("ssh key - local", {  algorithm: "ed25519",});// add the ssh key to hetznerconst sshkeyhetzner = new hcloud.sshkey("ssh key - hetzner", {  publickey: sshkeylocal.publickeyopenssh,});

部署应用程序：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     ssh key - local tls:index:privatekey|  created     ssh key - hetzner hcloud:index:sshkey✓  complete

您将看到一个新的 ssh 密钥已添加到 hetzner 中：

ssh 密钥 – hetzner cloud ui

现在我们可以继续创建 vps 了。

创建服务器

以下命令将确保在您的项目中创建新的 vps：

// in the run() function:// create a server on hetznerconst server = new hcloud.server("server", {  image: "docker-ce",  servertype: "cx22",  location: "nbg1",  sshkeys: [sshkeyhetzner.id],});

这里我使用 docker-ce 镜像，因为它已经安装了 docker。您可以使用 hetzner cloud api 列出所有可用的图像、服务器类型和数据中心。

验证服务器是否正确创建：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     server hcloud:index:server (34.5s)✓  complete

您还应该能够在控制台中看到新创建的服务器：

服务器 – hetzner cloud ui

连接到 vps 上的 docker 服务器

为了在 vps 上构建应用程序 docker 镜像并能够创建网络、卷和容器，我们需要在本地计算机和 vps 上的 docker server 之间建立一座桥梁。为此，我们需要 docker 提供商：

pnpm sst add dockerpnpm install

将 ssh 私钥存储在磁盘上，以便 ssh 客户端可以访问它。创建与 vps 上 docker 服务器的连接：

// at the top of the file:import { resolve as pathresolve } from "node:path";import { writefilesync as fswritefilesync } from "node:fs";// in the run() function:// store the private ssh key on disk to be able to pass it to the docker// providerconst sshkeylocalpath = sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh.apply((k) =&gt; {  const path = "id_ed25519_hetzner";  fswritefilesync(path, k, { mode: 0o600 });  return pathresolve(path);});// connect to the docker server on the hetzner serverconst dockerserverhetzner = new docker.provider("docker server - hetzner", {  host: $interpolate`ssh://root@${server.ipv4address}`,  sshopts: ["-i", sshkeylocalpath, "-o", "stricthostkeychecking=no"],});

确保还将 ssh 私钥 id_ed25519_hetzner 添加到 .gitignore 和 .dockerignore，这样它就不会进入您的 github 存储库和 docker 镜像。

触发部署以验证更改：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     docker server - hetzner pulumi:providers:docker✓  complete

构建 docker 镜像

现在我们可以在删除的 docker 服务器上构建 docker 镜像了：

// in the run() function:// build the docker imageconst dockerimagehetzner = new docker.image(  "docker image - app - hetzner",  {    imagename: "next-self-hosted/next-self-hosted:latest",    build: {      context: pathresolve("./"),      dockerfile: pathresolve("./dockerfile"),      target: "production",      platform: "linux/amd64",    },    skippush: true,  },  {    provider: dockerserverhetzner,    dependson: [server],  });

让我们触发部署看看一切是否正常：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  log         starting docker build|  log         image built successfully, local id "sha256:629a6cdfc298c74599a3056278e31c64197a87f6d11aab09573bc9171d2f3362"|  created     docker image - app - hetzner docker:index:image (36.0s)✓  complete

现在，让我们检查 docker 镜像是否已到达服务器：

ssh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker image ls"repository                          tag       image id       created              sizenext-self-hosted/next-self-hosted   latest    629a6cdfc298   about a minute ago   712mb

太棒了！

docker 网络

我们将创建两个网络：公共网络和内部网络。公共网络用于 nginx 连接的服务，即必须暴露于外部的服务（例如 next.js 应用程序或 api 服务器）。内部网络用于不应该暴露给外部的服务，例如postgres数据库、redis缓存：

// in the run() function:// setup docker networksconst dockernetworkpublic = new docker.network(  "docker network - public",  { name: "app_network_public" },  { provider: dockerserverhetzner, dependson: [server] });const dockernetworkinternal = new docker.network(  "docker network - internal",  { name: "app_network_internal" },  { provider: dockerserverhetzner, dependson: [server] });

触发部署：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     docker network - public docker:index:network (2.3s)|  created     docker network - internal docker:index:network (3.1s)✓  complete

检查网络 app_network_internal 和 app_network_public 是否存在于远程：

ssh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker network ls"network id     name                   driver    scope0590360bd4ae   app_network_internal   bridge    locale3bd8be72506   app_network_public     bridge    local827fa5ca5de2   bridge                 bridge    localdc8880514199   host                   host      localf1481867db18   none                   null      local

docker 卷

我们将创建一个卷来存储应用程序构建文件（.next 文件夹）：

// in the run() function:// setup docker volumesconst dockervolumeappbuild = new docker.volume(  "docker volume - app build",  { name: "app_volume_build" },  { provider: dockerserverhetzner, dependson: [server] });

部署并验证 docker 卷 app_volume_build 是否存在于 vps 上：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     docker volume - app build docker:index:volume✓  completessh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker volume ls"driver    volume namelocal     app_volume_build

构建容器

我们将运行一个一次性容器（也称为 init 容器）来构建 next.js 应用程序并将结果存储在 .next 文件夹中，该文件夹将通过我们上面创建的卷与主应用程序容器共享:

// in the run() function:// run a one-off container to build the appconst dockerappbuildcontainer = new docker.container(  "docker container - app build",  {    name: "app_container_build",    image: dockerimagehetzner.imagename,    volumes: [      {        volumename: dockervolumeappbuild.name,        containerpath: "/app/.next",      },    ],    command: ["pnpm", "build"],    mustrun: true,  },  {    provider: dockerserverhetzner,  });

部署并通过日志验证构建是否成功：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     docker container - app build docker:index:container (1.1s)✓  completessh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker logs -f app_container_build"&gt; next-self-hosted@ build /app&gt; next build  ▲ next.js 14.2.5   creating an optimized production build ... ✓ compiled successfully   linting and checking validity of types ...   collecting page data ...   generating static pages (0/4) ...   generating static pages (1/4)   generating static pages (2/4)   generating static pages (3/4) ✓ generating static pages (4/4)   finalizing page optimization ...   collecting build traces ...route (app)                              size     first load js┌ ○ /                                    142 b          87.2 kb└ ○ /_not-found                          871 b          87.9 kb+ first load js shared by all            87 kb  ├ chunks/52d5e6ad-40eff88d15e66edb.js  53.6 kb  ├ chunks/539-e1fa9689ed3badf0.js       31.5 kb  └ other shared chunks (total)          1.84 kb○  (static)  prerendered as static content

应用程序容器

现在我们将添加一个“runner”容器，它将使用构建容器的构建输出，并在下次启动时运行：

// in the run() function:const dockerappcontainer = new docker.container(  "docker container - app",  {    name: "app",    image: dockerimagehetzner.imagename,    volumes: [      {        volumename: dockervolumeappbuild.name,        containerpath: "/app/.next",      },    ],    networksadvanced: [      { name: dockernetworkpublic.id },      { name: dockernetworkinternal.id },    ],    command: ["pnpm", "start"],    restart: "always",  },  { provider: dockerserverhetzner, dependson: [dockerappbuildcontainer] });

部署并验证应用是否启动成功：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  created     docker container - app docker:index:container (1.1s)✓  completessh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker logs -f app"&gt; next-self-hosted@ start /app&gt; next start  ▲ next.js 14.2.5  - local:        http://localhost:3000 ✓ starting... ✓ ready in 497ms

应用程序容器可能会失败，因为构建容器尚未完成构建，但它很快就会恢复并正常运行。

添加 cloudflare 证书

为了将文件上传到vps，我们需要安装命令提供程序和polumi包：

pnpm sst add @pulumi/commandpnpm add -d @pulumi/pulumipnpm install

确保 vps 上存在 /root/app 和 /root/app/certs 目录并上传 cloudflare origin server 证书：

// at the top of the fileimport { asset as pulumiasset } from "@pulumi/pulumi";// in the run() function:// make sure that app directory existsnew command.remote.command("command - ensure app directory", {  create: "mkdir -p /root/app",  connection: {    host: server.ipv4address,    user: "root",    privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,  },});// make sure that app/certs directory existsnew command.remote.command("command - ensure app/certs directory", {  create: "mkdir -p /root/app/certs",  connection: {    host: server.ipv4address,    user: "root",    privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,  },});// copy certificates to the vpsnew command.remote.copytoremote(  "copy - certificates - key",  {    source: new pulumiasset.fileasset(      pathresolve("./certs/cloudflare.key.pem")    ),    remotepath: "/root/app/certs/cloudflare.key.pem",    connection: {      host: server.ipv4address,      user: "root",      privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,    },  });new command.remote.copytoremote(  "copy - certificates - cert",  {    source: new pulumiasset.fileasset(      pathresolve("./certs/cloudflare.cert.pem")    ),    remotepath: "/root/app/certs/cloudflare.cert.pem",    connection: {      host: server.ipv4address,      user: "root",      privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,    },  });new command.remote.copytoremote(  "copy - certificates - authenticated origin pull",  {    source: new pulumiasset.fileasset(      pathresolve("./certs/authenticated_origin_pull_ca.pem")    ),    remotepath: "/root/app/certs/authenticated_origin_pull_ca.pem",    connection: {      host: server.ipv4address,      user: "root",      privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,    },  });

启动 nginx

复制 nginx 配置文件到 vps 并启动 nginx 容器：

// in the run() function:// copy nginx config to the vpsconst commandcopynginxconfig = new command.remote.copytoremote(  "copy - nginx config",  {    source: new pulumiasset.fileasset(      pathresolve("./nginx/production.conf")    ),    remotepath: "/root/app/nginx.conf",    connection: {      host: server.ipv4address,      user: "root",      privatekey: sshkeylocal.privatekeyopenssh,    },  });// run the nginx containerconst dockernginxcontainer = new docker.container(  "docker container - nginx",  {    name: "app_container_nginx",    image: "nginx:1.27.0-bookworm",    volumes: [      {        hostpath: "/root/app/nginx.conf",        containerpath: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf",      },      {        hostpath: "/root/app/certs",        containerpath: "/certs",      },    ],    command: ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"],    networksadvanced: [{ name: dockernetworkpublic.id }],    restart: "always",    ports: [      {        external: 443,        internal: 443,      },    ],    healthcheck: {      tests: ["cmd", "service", "nginx", "status"],      interval: "30s",      timeout: "5s",      retries: 5,      startperiod: "10s",    },  },  { provider: dockerserverhetzner, dependson: [dockerappcontainer] });return { ip: server.ipv4address };

部署并验证 nginx 容器是否正在运行：

pnpm sst deploysst ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  app:        next-self-hosted   stage:      antonprudkohliad~  deploy|  deleted     docker container - app build docker:index:container|  created     command - ensure app/certs directory command:remote:command|  created     command - ensure app directory command:remote:command|  created     docker container - app build docker:index:container|  created     copy - certificates - cert command:remote:copytoremote (1.2s)|  created     copy - nginx config command:remote:copytoremote (1.2s)|  created     copy - certificates - key command:remote:copytoremote (1.2s)|  created     copy - certificates - authenticated origin pull command:remote:copytoremote (1.2s)|  deleted     docker container - app docker:index:container|  created     docker container - app docker:index:container (1.2s)|  created     docker container - nginx docker:index:container (7.1s)✓  complete   ip: 116.203.183.180ssh root@116.203.183.180 -i ./id_ed25519_hetzner -o stricthostkeychecking=no -c "docker ps -a"container id   image                                      command                  created         status                     ports                          names9c2cb18db304   nginx:1.27.0-bookworm                      "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   up 3 minutes (healthy)     80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443-&gt;443/tcp   app_container_nginx32e6a4cee8bc   next-self-hosted/next-self-hosted:latest   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 minutes ago   up 3 minutes               3000/tcp                       appf0c50aa32493   next-self-hosted/next-self-hosted:latest   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 minutes ago   exited (0) 3 minutes ago                                  app_container_build

可以看到，nginx 和应用程序运行顺利。

最后检查

是时候确保 dns 记录指向正确的 ip 地址了（是的，也可以通过 cloudflare 提供商将其添加到 sst 配置中）：

dns 设置 – cloudflare ui

然后，我们可以打开应用程序并验证它是否有效：

浏览器中的应用程序

恭喜！我们现在已经完成了 sst 潜水，可以享受新部署的应用程序了?

清理

sst 使得清理变得非常容易 – 只需运行 pnpm sst remove ，整个设置就会消失：

pnpm sst removeSST ❍ ion 0.1.90  ready!➜  App:        next-self-hosted   Stage:      antonprudkohliad~  Remove|  Deleted     Docker Container - Nginx docker:index:Container (1.9s)|  Deleted     Docker Container - App docker:index:Container|  Deleted     Docker Container - App Build docker:index:Container|  Deleted     Docker Image - App - Hetzner docker:index:Image|  Deleted     Docker Volume - App Build docker:index:Volume (2.1s)|  Deleted     Docker Network - Public docker:index:Network (3.1s)|  Deleted     Docker Network - Internal docker:index:Network (3.2s)|  Deleted     Copy - Nginx Config command:remote:CopyToRemote|  Deleted     Docker Server - Hetzner pulumi:providers:docker|  Deleted     Copy - Certificates - Authenticated Origin Pull command:remote:CopyToRemote|  Deleted     Command - Ensure app/certs directory command:remote:Command|  Deleted     Copy - Certificates - Key command:remote:CopyToRemote|  Deleted     Command - Ensure app directory command:remote:Command|  Deleted     Copy - Certificates - Cert command:remote:CopyToRemote|  Deleted     Server hcloud:index:Server (16.8s)|  Deleted     SSH Key - Hetzner hcloud:index:SshKey|  Deleted     SSH Key - Local tls:index:PrivateKey✓  Removed

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