let、var 或 const 之间有什么区别?
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有什么区别
使用 var 关键字声明的变量的作用域为创建它们的函数,或者如果在任何函数外部创建,则为全局对象。 let 和 const 是块作用域的,这意味着它们只能在最近的一组花括号(函数、if-else 块或 for 循环)内访问。
function foo() { // all variables are accessible within functions. var bar = 'bar'; let baz = 'baz'; const qux = 'qux'; console.log(bar); // bar console.log(baz); // baz console.log(qux); // qux}console.log(bar); // referenceerror: bar is not definedconsole.log(baz); // referenceerror: baz is not definedconsole.log(qux); // referenceerror: qux is not definedif (true) { var bar = 'bar'; let baz = 'baz'; const qux = 'qux';}// var declared variables are accessible anywhere in the function scope.console.log(bar); // bar// let and const defined variables are not accessible outside the block they were defined in.console.log(baz); // referenceerror: baz is not definedconsole.log(qux); // referenceerror: qux is not defined
var 允许变量被提升,这意味着它们可以在声明之前在代码中引用。 let 和 const 不会允许这样做,而是会抛出错误。
console.log(foo); // undefinedvar foo = 'foo';console.log(baz); // referenceerror: can't access lexical declaration 'baz' before initializationlet baz = 'baz';console.log(bar); // referenceerror: can't access lexical declaration 'bar' before initializationconst bar = 'bar';
用var重新声明变量不会报错,但let和const会报错
var foo = 'foo';var foo = 'bar';console.log(foo); // "bar"let baz = 'baz';let baz = 'qux'; // uncaught syntaxerror: identifier 'baz' has already been declared
let 和 const 的区别在于 let 允许重新分配变量的值,而 const 则不允许。
// This is fine.let foo = 'foo';foo = 'bar';// This causes an exception.const baz = 'baz';baz = 'qux';