使用Bash Shell检查文件是否存在的方法
前言
大家在工作的时候可能经常会遇到这样的需求,在类Unix系统的Bash环境下,怎样检查文件是否存在呢?既然有需求,当然就有解决的办法了,Shell中的test命令,可以用来检测文件的类型或者比较数值是否相等,该命令也能用来检查文件是否存在。
可以用如下的命令来进行检查:
test -e filename[ -e filename ] test -f filename[ -f filename ]
下面的命令,则使用Shell的条件表达式,判断/etc/hosts文件是否存在:
[ -f /etc/hosts ] && echo "Found" || echo "Not found"
该组合命令会输出以下内容:
Found
更常见的用法,则是将test命令放置在if..else..fi条件判断的条件表达式,然后在其中写上不同的分支逻辑
#!/bin/bashfile="/etc/hosts"if [ -f "$file" ]then echo "$file found."else echo "$file not found."fi
检测文件属性的相关操作符
如果文件存在,并且具有相应的属性,如下的操作符都会返回true:
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special-c FILE FILE exists and is character special-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory-e FILE FILE exists-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
以上命令,从man test复制而来。
使用上述符号的方法一模一样:
if [ operator FileName ]then echo "FileName - Found, take some action here"else echo "FileName - Not found, take some action here"fi
总结