可扩展的 Python 后端：使用 uv、Docker 和预提交构建容器化 FastAPI 应用程序：分步指南

simple-app/├── .python-version├── readme.md├── hello.py└── pyproject.toml

[project]name = "simple-app"version = "0.1.0"description = "add your description here"readme = "readme.md"requires-python = ">=3.11"dependencies = []

dependencies = [    "fastapi[standard]<1.0.0,>=0.114.2",    "python-multipart<1.0.0,>=0.0.7",    "email-validator<3.0.0,>=2.1.0",    "pydantic>2.0",    "sqlalchemy>2.0",    "alembic<2.0.0,>=1.12.1",    ][tool.uv]dev-dependencies = [    "pytest<8.0.0,>=7.4.3",    "mypy<2.0.0,>=1.8.0",    "ruff<1.0.0,>=0.2.2",    "pre-commit<4.1.0,>=4.0.0",]

recipe-app/├── app/│   ├── main.py│   ├── __init__.py│   └── ...├── .python-version├── readme.md└── pyproject.toml

from fastapi import fastapifrom pydantic import basemodelapp = fastapi()class hello(basemodel):    message: str@app.get("/", response_model=hello)async def hello() -> hello:    return hello(message="hi, i am using fastapi")

from python:3.11-slimenv pythonunbuffered=1copy --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.5.11 /uv /uvx /bin/env uv_compile_byte=1env uv_link_mode=copy# change the working directory to the `app` directoryworkdir /appenv path="/app/.venv/bin:$path"copy ./pyproject.toml ./uv.lock ./.python-version /app/# install dependenciesrun --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv     --mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock     --mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml     uv sync --frozen --no-install-project --no-dev# copy the project into the imagecopy ./app /app/app# sync the projectrun --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv     uv sync --frozen --no-devcmd ["fastapi", "dev", "app/main.py", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

services:  app:    # build configuration for the "app" service:    # - 'context: .' tells docker to use the current directory as the build context    # - 'dockerfile: dockerfile' specifies the file to use for building the image    build:      context: .      dockerfile: dockerfile    # this sets the default working directory inside the container    working_dir: /app    # mounts the local "app" directory into the container so code changes are reflected without rebuild    volumes:      - ./app:/app/app    # maps the container port 8000 to the host machine port defined by app_port    # if app_port is not set, it defaults to 8000    ports:      - "${app_port:-8000}:8000"    # passes the database_url environment variable to the container    environment:      - database_url=${database_url}    # ensures the 'app' service won't start until 'postgres' is running    depends_on:      - postgres  postgres: ## just for reference...    # official postgres image version 15    image: postgres:15    # set up the default database, user, and password    environment:      postgres_db: ${postgres_db}      postgres_user: ${postgres_user}      postgres_password: ${postgres_password}    # this volume stores postgresql data outside of the container filesystem,    # preserving data between container restarts or recreations    volumes:      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data# declare named volumes to be used for persistent storagevolumes:  postgres_data: {}

repos:  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks    rev: v4.4.0    hooks:      - id: check-added-large-files      - id: check-toml      - id: check-yaml        args:          - --unsafe      - id: end-of-file-fixer      - id: trailing-whitespace  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit    rev: v0.8.6    hooks:      - id: ruff        args: [--fix]      - id: ruff-format

[tool.mypy]strict = trueexclude = ["venv", ".venv", "alembic"]ignore_missing_imports = trueallow_untyped_decorators = trueplugins = ["pydantic.mypy"]follow_imports = "silent"warn_redundant_casts = truewarn_unused_ignores = truedisallow_any_generics = trueno_implicit_reexport = truedisallow_untyped_defs = true[tool.pydantic-mypy]init_forbid_extra = trueinit_typed = truewarn_required_dynamic_aliases = true[tool.ruff]target-version = "py312"exclude = ["venv", ".venv", "alembic"]line-length = 100indent-width = 4[tool.ruff.lint]select = [    "E",  # pycodestyle errors    "W",  # pycodestyle warnings    "F",  # pyflakes    "I",  # isort    "B",  # flake8-bugbear    "C4",  # flake8-comprehensions    "UP",  # pyupgrade    "ARG001", # unused arguments in functions]ignore = [    "B008",  # do not perform function calls in argument defaults    "W191",  # indentation contains tabs    "B904",  # Allow raising exceptions without from e, for HTTPException][tool.ruff.format]quote-style = "double"line-ending = "auto"[tool.ruff.lint.pyupgrade]# Preserve types, even if a file imports `from __future__ import annotations`.keep-runtime-typing = true[tool.pyright]ignore = ["alembic"]