PHP前端开发

html5指南(4)-使用Geolocation的详解

百变鹏仔 2个月前 (10-18) #H5教程
文章标签 详解

今天我们要学习的是使用geolocation实现定位功能。我们可以通过navigator.geolocation获取geolocation对象,他提供了下列方法:

getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options):获取当前位置;

watchPosition(callback,error,options):开始监控当前位置;

clearWatch(id):停止监控当前位置。

 note:下面例子使用的浏览器是chrome,使用其他浏览器我不能保证运行结果和例子显示的结果一致。

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1.获取当前位置

我们将使用getCurrentPosition方法获取当前位置,位置信息不会以结果的形式直接返回,我们需要使用callback函数进行处理。在获取坐标的过程中会有些延迟,还会问你要访问权限。我们来看下面的例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>    <title>Example</title>    <style>        table{border-collapse: collapse;}        th, td{padding: 4px;}        th{text-align: right;}    </style></head><body>    <table border="1">        <tr>            <th>Longitude:</th>            <td id="longitude">-</td>            <th>Latitude:</th>            <td id="latitude">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude:</th>            <td id="altitude">-</td>            <th>Accuracy:</th>            <td id="accuracy">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>            <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>            <th>Heading:</th>            <td id="heading">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Speed:</th>            <td id="speed">-</td>            <th>Time Stamp:</th>            <td id="timestamp">-</td>        </tr>    </table>    <script>        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition);                function displayPosition(pos) {                    var properties = [&#39;longitude&#39;, &#39;latitude&#39;, &#39;altitude&#39;, &#39;accuracy&#39;, &#39;altitudeAccuracy&#39;, &#39;heading&#39;, &#39;speed&#39;];                    for (var i = 0, len = properties.length; i < len; i++) {                        var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];                document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;                           }            document.getElementById(&#39;timestamp&#39;).innerHTML = pos.timestamp;        }    </script></body></html>

返回的position对象包含两个属性,coords:返回坐标信息;timestamp:获取坐标信息的时间。其中coords又包括下面属性:latitude:纬度;longitude:经度;altitude:高度;accuracy:精确度(米);altitudeAccuracy:高度精确度(米);heading:行进方向;speed:行进速度(米/秒)。

并不是所有的信息都会返回,这取决于你承载浏览器的设备。像有GPS、加速器、罗盘的移动设备会返回大部分信息,家用电脑就不行了。家用电脑获取的位置信息,取决于所处的网络环境或者是wifi。下面我们看上例的运行结果。

点击允许,获取坐标信息。

2.处理异常

现在我们介绍getCurrentPosition的异常处理,他是通过使用errorCallback回调函数实现的。函数返回的参数error包含两个属性,code:错误类型的代码;message:错误信息。code包含三个值:1:用户没有授权使用geolocation;2:无法获取坐标信息;3:获取信息超时。

下面我们看个例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>    <title>Example</title>    <style>        table{border-collapse: collapse;}        th, td{padding: 4px;}        th{text-align: right;}    </style></head><body>    <table border="1">        <tr>            <th>Longitude:</th>            <td id="longitude">-</td>            <th>Latitude:</th>            <td id="latitude">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude:</th>            <td id="altitude">-</td>            <th>Accuracy:</th>            <td id="accuracy">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>            <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>            <th>Heading:</th>            <td id="heading">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Speed:</th>            <td id="speed">-</td>            <th>Time Stamp:</th>            <td id="timestamp">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Error Code:</th>            <td id="errcode">-</td>            <th>Error Message:</th>            <td id="errmessage">-</td>        </tr>    </table>    <script>        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError);                function displayPosition(pos) {                    var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];                    for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {                        var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];                document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;            }            document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;        }        function handleError(err) {            document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;            document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;        }    </script></body></html>

拒绝授权,运行结果:

3.使用geolocation可选参数项

  getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options)中的options有如下参数可以使用,enableHighAccuracy:使用最好的效果;timeout:超时时间(毫秒);maximumAge:指定缓存时间(毫秒)。我们来下下面的例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>    <title>Example</title>    <style>        table{border-collapse: collapse;}        th, td{padding: 4px;}        th{text-align: right;}    </style></head><body>    <table border="1">        <tr>            <th>Longitude:</th>            <td id="longitude">-</td>            <th>Latitude:</th>            <td id="latitude">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude:</th>            <td id="altitude">-</td>            <th>Accuracy:</th>            <td id="accuracy">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>            <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>            <th>Heading:</th>            <td id="heading">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Speed:</th>            <td id="speed">-</td>            <th>Time Stamp:</th>            <td id="timestamp">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Error Code:</th>            <td id="errcode">-</td>            <th>Error Message:</th>            <td id="errmessage">-</td>        </tr>    </table>    <script>        var options = {            enableHighAccuracy: false,            timeout: 2000,            maximumAge: 30000        };        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);                function displayPosition(pos) {                    var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];                    for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {                        var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];                document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;            }            document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;        }        function handleError(err) {            document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;            document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;        }    </script></body></html>

4.监视位置变化

下面我们介绍使用watchPosition方法实现位置变化的监视,他的使用方法和getCurrentPosition一样。我们来看例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>    <title>Example</title>    <style>        table{border-collapse: collapse;}        th, td{padding: 4px;}        th{text-align: right;}    </style></head><body>    <table border="1">        <tr>            <th>Longitude:</th>            <td id="longitude">-</td>            <th>Latitude:</th>            <td id="latitude">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude:</th>            <td id="altitude">-</td>            <th>Accuracy:</th>            <td id="accuracy">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>            <td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>            <th>Heading:</th>            <td id="heading">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Speed:</th>            <td id="speed">-</td>            <th>Time Stamp:</th>            <td id="timestamp">-</td>        </tr>        <tr>            <th>Error Code:</th>            <td id="errcode">-</td>            <th>Error Message:</th>            <td id="errmessage">-</td>        </tr>    </table>    <button id="pressme">Cancel Watch</button>    <script>        var options = {            enableHighAccuracy: false,            timeout: 2000,            maximumAge: 30000        };        var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);                document.getElementById("pressme").onclick = function (e) {            navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchID);        };        function displayPosition(pos) {                    var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];                    for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {                        var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];                document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;            }            document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;        }        function handleError(err) {            document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;            document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;        }    </script></body></html>