PHP前端开发

HTML5实践-如何使用css3丰富图片样式的详解(一)

百变鹏仔 2个月前 (10-18) #H5教程
文章标签 如何使用

在css3中,直接在图片上使用box-shadow 和 border-radius,浏览器并不能很好的渲染。但是如果把图片作为background-image,添加的样式浏览器可以很好的渲染。我将会介绍如何使用box-shadow, border-radius 和 transition创建不同图片样式效果。 

问题

通过查看demo能注意到,我们为第一行图片设置了border-radius 和 内嵌box-shadow。firefox渲染了图片的border-radius,但是没有渲染内嵌box-shadow。chrome和Safari两种效果都没有渲染。

.normal img {border: solid 5px #000;-webkit-border-radius: 20px;-moz-border-radius: 20px;border-radius: 20px;-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.5);-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.5);box-shadow: inset 0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.5);}

firefox效果:

chrome/safari

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变通方案

为了使border-radius 和 内嵌box-shadow能够正常工作,我们需要把图片转换成background-image的方式。

动态方式

为了动态完成这一工作,我们需要借助jquery为每一个图片添加背景图片的包装。下面的js代码为每一个图片添加了一个span的包装,span的背景图片路径就是图片的路径。

代码比较简单,我想就没有讲解的必要了。不清楚了可以直接去查jquery的api。

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">$(document).ready(function(){  $("img").load(function() {    $(this).wrap(function(){          return &#39;<span class="image-wrap &#39; + $(this).attr(&#39;class&#39;) + &#39;" style="position:relative;     display:inline-block; background:url(&#39; + $(this).attr(&#39;src&#39;) + &#39;) no-repeat center center;     width: &#39; + $(this).width() + &#39;px; height: &#39; + $(this).height() + &#39;px;" />&#39;;    });    $(this).css("opacity","0");  });});</script>

输出

上面的代码会输出如下结果:

<span class="image-wrap " style="position:relative; display:inline-block; background:url(image.jpg) no-repeat center center; width: 150px; height: 150px;">    <img  src="image.jpg"   style="max-width:90%" alt="HTML5实践-如何使用css3丰富图片样式的详解(一)" >    </span>

圆形图片

添加我们使用border-radius来实现圆形图片的效果,效果如下:

css:

.circle .image-wrap {    -webkit-border-radius: 50em;    -moz-border-radius: 50em;    border-radius: 50em;}

卡片风格

下面是卡片风格的图片,使用了多个内嵌box-shadow。

css:

.card .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);    box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}

浮雕风格

下面是浮雕效果。

css:

.embossed .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8),     inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5),     inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8),     inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);    box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8),     inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5),     inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}

柔性浮雕风格

相对于浮雕样式,新样式添加了1px blur属性。

css:

.soft-embossed .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 4px rgba(0,0,0,1),     inset 0 2px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5),     inset 0 -9px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 -12px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.3);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 4px rgba(0,0,0,1),     inset 0 2px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5),     inset 0 -9px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 -12px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.3);    box-shadow: inset 0 0 4px rgba(0,0,0,1),     inset 0 2px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5),     inset 0 -9px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 -12px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.3);    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}

抠图风格

使用内嵌box-shadow就可以实现抠图效果。

css:

.cut-out .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),     inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),     inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2),     inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6),     inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}

变形和发光

在这个例子中我们为图片包装添加transition属性,鼠标滑过的时候,他会从圆角变为圆形。然后我们使用多个box-shadow实现发光效果。

css:

.morphing-glowing .image-wrap {    -webkit-transition: 1s;    -moz-transition: 1s;    transition: 1s;    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}.morphing-glowing .image-wrap:hover {    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6),     inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);    -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6),     inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);    box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6),     inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);    -webkit-border-radius: 60em;    -moz-border-radius: 60em;    border-radius: 60em;}

高光效果

高光的效果是通过为元素添加 :after 伪类实现的。

css:

.glossy .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);    box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}.glossy .image-wrap:after {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 50%;    top: 0;    left: 0;    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.1)));    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);}

倒影效果

在这个例子中,我们将高光效果移到底部就实现倒影效果。

css:

.reflection .image-wrap:after {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 30px;    bottom: -31px;    left: 0;    -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;    -webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius-topleft: 20px;    -moz-border-radius-topright: 20px;    border-top-left-radius: 20px;    border-top-right-radius: 20px;    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,.3) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(0,0,0,.3)),     color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0)));    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,.3) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);}.reflection .image-wrap:hover {    position: relative;    top: -8px;}

高光和倒影

本例我们使用:before 和 :after 将高光和倒影效果组合起来。

css:

.glossy-reflection .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);    box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);    -webkit-transition: 1s;    -moz-transition: 1s;    transition: 1s;    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}.glossy-reflection .image-wrap:before {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 50%;    top: 0;    left: 0;    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.1)));    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);}.glossy-reflection .image-wrap:after {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 30px;    bottom: -31px;    left: 0;    -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;    -webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius-topleft: 20px;    -moz-border-radius-topright: 20px;    border-top-left-radius: 20px;    border-top-right-radius: 20px;    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(230,230,230,.3) 0%, rgba(230,230,230,0) 100%);    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(230,230,230,.3)), color-stop(100%,rgba(230,230,230,0)));    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(230,230,230,.3) 0%,rgba(230,230,230,0) 100%);}

胶带风格

在这个例子中,我们使用:after来实现胶带的效果。

css:

.tape .image-wrap {    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7),     inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7),     inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3),     inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);    box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3),     inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);}.tape .image-wrap:after {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 60px;    height: 25px;    top: -10px;    left: 50%;    margin-left: -30px;    border: solid 1px rgba(137,130,48,.2);    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(254,243,127,.6) 0%, rgba(240,224,54,.6) 100%);    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(254,243,127,.6)), color-stop(100%,rgba(240,224,54,.6)));    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(254,243,127,.6) 0%,rgba(240,224,54,.6) 100%);    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);}

变形和着色

在这个例子中,我们在元素上使用:after,当鼠标进过的时候实现径向渐变的效果。

css:

.morphing-tinting .image-wrap {    position: relative;    -webkit-transition: 1s;    -moz-transition: 1s;    transition: 1s;    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;    -moz-border-radius: 20px;    border-radius: 20px;}.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:hover {    -webkit-border-radius: 30em;    -moz-border-radius: 30em;    border-radius: 30em;}.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:after {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 100%;    top: 0;    left: 0;    -webkit-transition: 1s;    -moz-transition: 1s;    transition: 1s;    -webkit-border-radius: 30em;    -moz-border-radius: 30em;    border-radius: 30em;}.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:hover:after  {    background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 50% 50%, 40, 50% 50%, 80, from(rgba(0,0,0,0)), to(rgba(0,0,0,1)));    background: -moz-radial-gradient(50% 50%, circle, rgba(0,0,0,0) 40px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 80px);}

羽化边缘圆形

我们同样可以使用径向渐变产生遮罩,实现羽化的效果。

css:

.feather .image-wrap {    position: relative;    -webkit-border-radius: 30em;    -moz-border-radius: 30em;    border-radius: 30em;}.feather .image-wrap:after  {    position: absolute;    content: &#39; &#39;;    width: 100%;    height: 100%;    top: 0;    left: 0;    background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 50% 50%, 50, 50% 50%, 70, from(rgba(255,255,255,0)), to(rgba(255,255,255,1)));    background: -moz-radial-gradient(50% 50%, circle, rgba(255,255,255,0) 50px, rgba(255,255,255,1) 70px);}

 浏览器兼容性

这种实现方式在大多数支持border-radius, box-shadow, :before and :after特性的浏览器中(例如Chrome, Firefox 和 Safari),都能很好的工作。在不支持新特性的浏览器中,只会显示原始图片。

创造你自己的实现

借助:before 和:after伪类能为图片创造很多种样式,你可以自己尝试创建出新的效果。